In the latest research conducted by a team of scientists at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, it has been discovered that the solar maximum, a period of significant solar activity, may occur earlier than previously predicted. Traditionally occurring approximately every 11 years, the solar maximum is characterized by the appearance of many dark sunspots on the Sun's surface, caused by strong changes in its magnetic field.

These sunspots emit powerful bursts of energy toward Earth, causing solar storms that can damage satellites and disrupt Internet operations. In light of the new research led by Dr. Dibyendu Nandy from the Center of Excellence in Space Sciences, IISER Kolkata, India, it is anticipated that the upcoming solar maximum will occur in early 2024, not at the end of 2025 as previously forecasted by NASA.

Nandy emphasizes that the intensity and consequences of solar storms cannot be precisely predicted at such an early stage, but increased solar activity can be expected in 2024. The most intense solar storms can lead to catastrophic consequences such as the deorbiting of low-Earth orbit satellites, disruptions in satellite services, and strong disturbances in geomagnetic fields, affecting power grids.

At the same time, the solar maximum favors the appearance of beautiful auroras, making 2024 a promising year for aurora enthusiasts. Scientists utilized a new method for detecting the solar maximum, based on understanding the fundamental properties of our star, including studying its dipole field and its impact on the solar cycle.

Researchers highlight that predicting the time of the maximum amplitude of solar cycles is crucial for determining when the most adverse space weather conditions can be expected. Understanding the solar cycle and predicting its impact on Earth is an essential element of space research aimed at protecting our planet from potentially dangerous solar phenomena.