The phenomenon of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A, which occurred in October 2022, has become the subject of intense scientific research. This exceptional cosmic explosion, being the brightest recorded burst of this type, emitted energy at the level of 18 teraelectronvolts. Scientists from the University of L'Aquila and the National Institute of Astrophysics in Italy, under the leadership of Mirko Piersantiego, presented evidence that GRB 221009A had a significant impact on Earth's ionosphere.

The ionosphere, stretching from about 50 to 1000 km above Earth, is crucial for reflecting radio waves essential for communication and navigation. The scientific team, utilizing satellite observations, discovered that the gamma-ray burst caused profound changes in the electric field of the ionosphere, particularly at an altitude of about 500 km.

Gamma-ray bursts are the most energetic phenomena in the universe. They emit gamma-ray radiation with energy far exceeding that of X-ray radiation. These bursts are associated with high-energy events such as supernovae, hypernovae, and solar flares. Although gamma-ray radiation is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere and does not reach its surface, at high altitudes, it can interact with the atmosphere.

Interactions of gamma-ray radiation with the lower ionosphere of Earth are rare, but GRB 221009A turned out to be an exception. Scientists noticed changes in the reflection of low-frequency radio waves, indicating alterations in the lower ionosphere caused by this burst.

The power of GRB 221009A attests to the extraordinary strength of this phenomenon. The light from this cosmic explosion traveled a distance of 22.7 sextillion kilometers, indicating the immense energy released by the black hole. This explosion caused significant changes in the electric field of Earth's ionosphere.

Research on the impact of GRB 221009A on Earth's ionosphere is of crucial scientific importance. It aids in understanding the behavior of gamma-ray bursts and their interactions with our planet. This understanding can contribute to advancements in space exploration, astrophysics, and atmospheric science. Further research will allow for a deeper understanding of the intricacies of gamma-ray bursts and their influence on Earth's atmosphere, shedding new light on the mysteries of the universe.