In 2023, Canada faced some of the most destructive wildfires in its history. The record-breaking extent of scorched land not only left a mark on Canada's landscape but also significantly impacted air quality across the northern hemisphere, including Europe and China.

A study conducted by Zhe Wang from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) reveals the dramatic impact of the Canadian wildfires on global air quality. Scientists found that the fires were likely more extensive than initially assumed. Pollution dispersion modeling showed a significant deterioration in air quality in the northern hemisphere, especially during the six major wildfire episodes.

On June 7th, in New York, air quality reached its worst level in 50 years, with PM2.5 concentrations—fine particulate matter—significantly exceeding World Health Organization guidelines. This illustrates that the consequences of the wildfires extend far beyond Canada's borders, affecting people's health worldwide.

The study also highlighted that the fires substantially increased CO2 emissions, which is particularly concerning in the context of global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This emission surge effectively counteracts Canada's efforts to limit human-induced emissions, as noted by study co-author Zifa Wang.

The wildfires caused significant damage to Canada's forest ecosystems, rapidly eliminating vegetation and destroying wildlife habitats. These impacts go beyond direct destruction, leading to secondary disasters such as soil erosion and landslides. The reduced ability of ecosystems to absorb carbon further contributes to intensifying climate change.

The 2023 wildfires in Canada underscore the urgent need for actions addressing the causes of these disasters, mitigating their impact on air quality and greenhouse gas emissions, and protecting vulnerable ecosystems. Decisive steps are necessary to prevent similar catastrophes in the future and minimize their effects on the global environment.